Solar-driven steam gasification of oil palm empty fruit bunch to produce syngas: Parametric optimization via central composite design

Oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) is an abundant waste that commonly incinerated, causing environmental pollution. In this study, alternative management approach was investigated to produce value-added syngas from OPEFB using solar steam gasification. The three operating variables were temperature (1100–1300 °C), H2O/OPEFB molar ratio (1.7–2.9), and flowrate (0.8–1.8 g/min). Central composite design (CCD) conducted investigate optimise the effects of these on H2/CO fuel energy conversion efficiency (?solar fuel). findings revealed all significant. Experimentally, highest (1.6) obtained at 1300 °C, 2.9, 1.8 g/min, with a high carbon reaching 95.1%. Results CCD analysis showed higher (above 1.8) could be reached 1200 ?3.0, ?2.0 g/min. maximum ?solar 19.6% achieved 1.3, 1.3 whereby favourable upgrade factor (1.2) achieved. statistical model adequacy predict ratio.